Test Paper on Triangles Class 10 Maths

CBSE Class 10 Maths Syllabus

• Real Numbers
• Polynomials
• Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
• Quadratic Equations
• Arithmetic Progressions
• Triangles
• Coordinate Geometry
• Statistics
• Probability
• Introduction to Trigonometry
• Some Applications of Trigonometry
• Circles
• Constructions
• Area Related to Circles
• Surface Areas and Volumes

UNIT I: NUMBER SYSTEMS

1. REAL NUMBER

Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic - statements after reviewing work done earlier and after illustrating and motivating through examples, Proofs of irrationality.

UNIT II: ALGEBRA

1. POLYNOMIALS Zeros of a polynomial. Relationship between zeros and coefficients of quadratic polynomials.
2. PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES Pair of linear equations in two variables and graphical method of their solution, consistency/inconsistency. Algebraic conditions for number of solutions. Solution of a pair of linear equations in two variables algebraically - by substitution, by elimination. Simple situational problems.
3. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS Standard form of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, (a ≠ 0). Solutions of quadratic equations (only real roots) by factorization, and by using quadratic formula. Relationship between discriminant and nature of roots. Situational problems based on quadratic equations related to day to day activities to be incorporated.
4. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS Motivation for studying Arithmetic Progression Derivation of the nth term and sum of the first n terms of A.P. and their application in solving daily life problems.

UNIT III: COORDINATE GEOMETRY
Coordinate Geometry Review: Concepts of coordinate geometry, graphs of linear equations. Distance formula. Section formula (internal division).

UNIT IV: GEOMETRY

1. TRIANGLES Definitions, examples, counter examples of similar triangles.
   1. (Prove) If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
   2. (Motivate) If a line divides two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, the line is parallel to the third side.
   3.(Motivate) If in two triangles, the corresponding angles are equal, their corresponding sides are proportional and the triangles are similar.
   4.(Motivate) If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional, their corresponding angles are equal and the two triangles are similar.
   5.(Motivate) If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and the sides including these angles are proportional, the two triangles are similar.
2. CIRCLES Tangent to a circle at, point of contact
   1. (Prove) The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.
   2.(Prove) The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.

UNIT V: TRIGONOMETRY

1. INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a right-angled triangle. Proof of their existence (well defined); motivate the ratios whichever are defined at 0° and 90°. Values of the trigonometric ratios of 30°, 45°, and 60°. Relationships between the ratios.
2. TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES Proof and applications of the identity sin2A + cos2A = 1. Only simple identities to be given.
3. HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES: Angle of elevation, Angle of Depression. (10)Periods Simple problems on heights and distances. Problems should not involve more than two right triangles. Angles of elevation / depression should be only 30°, 45°, and 60°.

UNIT VI: MENSURATION

1. AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES Area of sectors and segments of a circle. Problems based on areas and perimeter / circumference of the above said plane figures. (In calculating area of segment of a circle, problems should be restricted to central angle of 60°, 90° and 120° only.
2. SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES Surface areas and volumes of combinations of any two of the following: cubes, cuboids, spheres, hemispheres and right circular cylinders/cones.

UNIT VII: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

1. STATISTICS Mean, median and mode of grouped data (bimodal situation to be avoided).
2. PROBABILITY (10) Periods Classical definition of probability. Simple problems on finding the probability of an event.

PRESCRIBED BOOKS:

1. Mathematics - Textbook for class IX - NCERT Publication
2. Mathematics - Textbook for class X - NCERT Publication
3. Guidelines for Mathematics Laboratory in Schools, class IX - CBSE Publication
4. Guidelines for Mathematics Laboratory in Schools, class X - CBSE Publication
5. Laboratory Manual - Mathematics, secondary stage - NCERT Publication
6. Mathematics exemplar problems for class IX, NCERT publication.
7. Mathematics exemplar problems for class X, NCERT publication.

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