Preeti MishraRelated Papers
Introduction to Micro Economics Class 12 Notes Chapter 1 Posted by Preeti Mishra Foreign Exchange Rate Notes for CBSE Class 12 Posted by Preeti Mishra National Income and Related Aggregates – Notes for CBSE Class 12 Macro Economics Posted by Preeti Mishra CBSE Class 12 Macro Economics Revision Notes Posted by Preeti Mishra Five Year Plans Indian Economy 1950 -1990 Notes Class 12 Posted by Preeti MishraClick to View More Related Papers
CBSE Class 12 Economics Revision Notes
Get Here free PDF download of CBSE Class 12 Economics revision notes and short key-notes to score more marks in your exams. These Notes of Class 12 Macroeconomics and Indian Economic Development make the complicated problems look easy as they are broken into simple steps with a lucid explanation of each step. Handwritten Notes of Economics for Class 12 are important to enable students to have a quick recap of the entire syllabus in no time. One can easily revise the precise notes in a day or two. This helps one to recall all he/she has read and learned for the entire year. Once they get the hint, the students are quick to recall the entire material. Study Key Notes or Revision notes helps students in quick revision to recall all that has been learned throughout the year. Notes make this process of recall easy.
| Class 12 Economics Marks Distribution | |
|---|---|
| Units | Marks |
| Part A : Introductory Macroeconomics | |
| National Income and Related Aggregates | 10 |
| Money and Banking | 6 |
| Determination of Income and Employment | 6 |
| Government Budget and the Economy | 6 |
| Balance of Payments | 6 |
| 40 | |
| Part B : Indian Economic Development | |
| Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991 | 12 |
| Current Challenges facing Indian Economy | 22 |
| Development Experience of India –A Comparison with Neighbours | 6 |
| Theory Paper (40+40 = 80 Marks) | 40 |
| Project Work | 20 |
| Grand Total | 100 |
Structure of CBSE Economics Sample Paper for Class 12 Commerce is
| Type of Question | Marks per Question | Total No. of Questions | Total Marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Objective Type Questions | 1 | 20 | 20 |
| Short Answer Type Questions - 1 | 3 | 4 | 12 |
| Short Answer Type Questions - 1 | 4 | 6 | 24 |
| Long Answer Type Questions | 6 | 4 | 24 |
| Total | 34 | 80 | |
CBSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus
Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics
Unit 1: National Income and Related Aggregates ( 30 Periods )
What is Macroeconomics?
Basic concepts in macroeconomics: consumption goods, capital goods, final goods,
intermediate goods; stocks and flows; gross investment and depreciation.
Circular flow of income (two sector model); Methods of calculating National Income -
Value Added or Product method, Expenditure method, Income method.
Aggregates related to National Income:
Gross National Product (GNP), Net National Product (NNP), Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) and Net Domestic Product (NDP) - at market price, at factor cost; Real and
Nominal GDP.
GDP and Welfare
Unit 2: Money and Banking (15 Periods)
Money – meaning and functions, supply of money - Currency held by the public and
net demand deposits held by commercial banks.
Money creation by the commercial banking system.
Central bank and its functions (example of the Reserve Bank of India): Bank of issue,
Govt. Bank, Banker's Bank, Control of Credit through Bank Rate, CRR, SLR, Repo
Rate and Reverse Repo Rate, Open Market Operations, Margin requirement.
Unit 3: Determination of Income and Employment ( 30 Periods)
Aggregate demand and its components.
Propensity to consume and propensity to save (average and marginal).
Short-run equilibrium output; investment multiplier and its mechanism.
Meaning of full employment and involuntary unemployment.
Problems of excess demand and deficient demand; measures to correct them -
changes in government spending, taxes and money supply.
Unit 4: Government Budget and the Economy (17 Periods)
Government budget - meaning, objectives and components.
Classification of receipts - revenue receipts and capital receipts;
Classification of expenditure – revenue expenditure and capital expenditure.
Balanced, Surplus and Deficit Budget – measures of government deficit.
Unit 5: Balance of Payments (18 Periods)
Balance of payments account - meaning and components;
Balance of payments – Surplus and Deficit
Foreign exchange rate - meaning of fixed and flexible rates and managed floating.
Determination of exchange rate in a free market, Merits and demerits of flexible and
fixed exchange rate.
Managed Floating exchange rate system
Part B: Indian Economic Development
Unit 6: Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991:
(28 Periods)
A brief introduction of the state of Indian economy on the eve of independence.
Indian economic system and common goals of Five Year Plans.
Main features, problems and policies of agriculture (institutional aspects and new
agricultural strategy), industry (IPR 1956; SSI – role & importance) and foreign trade.
Economic Reforms since 1991:
Features and appraisals of liberalisation, globalisation and privatisation (LPG policy);
Concepts of demonetization and GST
Unit 7: Current challenges facing Indian Economy ( 60 Periods)
Human Capital Formation: How people become resource; Role of human capital in
economic development; Growth of Education Sector in India
Rural development: Key issues - credit and marketing - role of cooperatives;
agricultural diversification; alternative farming - organic farming
Employment: Growth and changes in work force participation rate in formal and
informal sectors; problems and policies
Sustainable Economic Development: Meaning, Effects of Economic Development on
Resources and Environment, including global warming
Unit 8: Development Experience of India: (12 Periods)
A comparison with neighbours
India and Pakistan
India and China
Issues: economic growth, population, sectoral development and other Human
Development Indicators
Part C: Project in Economics (20 Periods)
Prescribed Books:
- Statistics for Economics, NCERT
- Indian Economic Development, NCERT
- Introductory Microeconomics, NCERT
- Macroeconomics, NCERT
- Supplementary Reading Material in Economics, CBSE
Note: The above publications are also available in Hindi Medium.
For Preparation of exams students can also check out other resource material
CBSE Class 12 Economics Sample Papers
CBSE Class 12 Economics Worksheets
CBSE Class 12 Economics Test Papers
Revision Notes of Other Subjects of Class 12
CBSE Revision Notes of Class 12 Physics CBSE Revision Notes of Class 12 Chemistry CBSE Revision Notes of Class 12 Biology CBSE Revision Notes of Class 12 Business Studies CBSE Revision Notes of Class 12 History CBSE Revision Notes of Class 12 Geography CBSE Revision Notes of Class 12 Home Science CBSE Revision Notes of Class 12 Political Science CBSE Revision Notes of Class 12 Sociology CBSE Revision Notes of Class 12 Psychology CBSE Revision Notes of Class 12 EnglishNumber of students believe that making notes is a troublesome act. But it is a hard known fact that with proper study notes, studying and passing exams becomes easier and that too with good marks. More importantly, it makes learning more interesting and fun.
Why Should Students make Revision Notes?
1. When students make notes, they are forced to understand everything in their own language and words so that you understand things better. Often students tend to blindly read the entire page without giving a chance to understand a single word, but in case they are making notes then, then the brain gets double activated and tries to squeeze meaning out of every single sentence which is very much beneficial for them in the long run. Study notes keep track of all the information they have learned from them. It acts as a ready referral to go through during preparing for exam time.
2. The extra pain of writing notes while studying pays a lot of dividends like saving student’s energy and time during the exam and it becomes an immensely easier way to recall things during exam time when students are already facing shortage of time.
3. When students write notes on paper while studying, it automatically improves memory, allowing the students to study more when studying and reducing the chances of forgetting.
4. When students inculcate the habit of study notes making while studying it increases attention to detail and the focus of the students. And it is a known fact that students who have good focus are more likely to do better in exams.
5. When it comes to learning, it has been observed that study notes do promote a high level of retention. When learning is an important part of tutoring, one of the major necessary end goals is retention. So when a student indulges in notes making , the study notes promotes positive memory as well as the ability to retain information because the mind becomes an active component in studying.
6. Repetition is the key to mastery. A well known fact gets also implied in the case of Making study notes, because when students study then he instantly revises everything while making notes and that stimulates the part of the brain that promotes learning. Like every muscle in the body, the brain can be trained to learn easily in order to absorb new and more information quickly.
7. Making study notes helps in filtration of the relevant and important information. When the student writes study notes while studying, they tend to make the notes by summarising, editing and retaining only the most important information.
8. Making study notes passively increases the likelihood of the students to become more organised. Being organised allows students to prioritise tasks and to finish work on time.