Answers

Manish Pore
Jul 25, 2020

Factors which affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are
(i) Gene migration Due to migration, new genes or alleles are added to the population and are lost from the old population in turn, changing the frequencies. Migration  when happens multiple times, is termed as gene flow.
(ii) Genetic drift Changes occurring in frequencies by chance is called genetic drift. Due to changes in allele frequency in new population, some different species are  formed. This is called founder effect and the original population is called founder.
(iii) Mutations These occur randomly and at very slow rates. They lead to new phenotypes and due to considerable genetic variation, speciation occurs.
(iv) Recombination During gametogenesis, crossing over in meiosis leads to new combination of genes.