Answers

MR.SHANKAR
Jul 27, 2020

The behaviour of total output in the long run time period is technically termed as Returns to Scale.

There are three possibilities:
1. Increasing Returns to Scale (IRS) :- It occurs when a given proportionate increase in all factor inputs (in some constant ratio) causes proportionately greater increase  in output.
For example: Suppose there are only two inputs, labour (L) and Capital (K). Suppose 1K + IL produce 100 units and 2K + 2Lproduce 250 units. Input rises by 100% while the output rises by 150%.
2. Constant Returns to Scale (CRS) :- It occurs when a given proportionate increase in all factor inputs causes proportionately equal increase in output. At this stage,  economies of scale are counter balanced by diseconomies of scale. For example, suppose 1K+1L produce 100 units and 2K+2L produce 200 units, both inputs and TP  rise in the same proportion.
3. Diminishing Returns to Scale (DRS) :- It occurs when a given proportionate increase in all factor inputs causes proportionately lesser increase in output.
For example, Suppose 1K+1L produce 100 units and 2K+2L produce 190 units, inputs rise by 100% while the output rise by 90%.